Wow a bit of googling shows it’s been a very common and longstanding Transporter problem for years. The old T5 forum is full of loads of discussions, some finding that replacing the fuse solved the problem, some finding it didn’t and needing a full resistor pack. Other posters pointed out that the thermal fuse is there to pull the power in the case of the motor jamming or stopping working, a very valid point as if that’s the issue then replacing the fuse would just cause it to blow again.
Anyway, a couple of useful videos, again thanks to links in the T5 forum (not transporter specific but it looks like VW use the same kit across all their vehicles, just the access to it would change)